Biology Unit 05: Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

1. 1. How does the structure of DNA store codes for the construction of proteins?
2. 2. What is a mutation? What does it affect?
3. 3. What sequence of amino acids does the following strand of DNA code for: TTCACGCCAACT? mRNA codon chart
4. 4. Define or describe the following terms: base pair, codon, amino acid, protein, DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, replication transcription, translation, anticodon, somatic cells, gamete cells,gene, mutation.
5. 5. A point mutation is the effect of a substitution of one nitrogen base for another. Compare this to a frameshift mutation (insertion, deletion).
6. 6. What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA and how do they pair?
   1. a. If a sample of DNA was 34% thymine, what would be the expected amount of adenine, cytosine, and guanine?
7. 7. What does “double helix” mean and what holds it together?
8. 8. DNA hold the code for what type of biomolecule?
9. 9. What are three differences between DNA and RNA.
10. 10. The code for a gene will start with a start codon and end with a stop codon. A gene is the code for a single protein.
11. 11. Is it possible to have a mutation that does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide? How?
12. 12. Which of the four types of biomolecules is an enzyme? What is the suffix that lets you know that a word represents an enzyme?